2011年5月6日 星期五

告別中式英語—不可不知的英語文法(Agreement)


以下的句子有些犯了文法上的毛病。你知道錯在哪裏嗎?

1. He never tell lies.

2. He will never talk to you again.

3. I wish I were like you.

4. A large number of fish in the pond have died.

5. The number of primary school students in Hong Kong have increased by 15%.

6. The poor always suffer during economic depressions.

題解:
1. He never tells lies.
單數名詞必須配上單數形態的動詞,這並不受副詞(adverbs)影響。

2. He will never talk to you again.
這是正確的。若動詞和助動詞(如will、can、must等)一起使用,助動詞需要變成單數形態,動詞維持原狀。而大部分助動詞單數和眾數形態沒有分別,單數形態也不用加上「s」,只有「do/ does」等幾個例外。

3. I wish I were like you.
當說明一些不真實的假設時(例如在題目中,作者想說明「我」不可能變得像「你」),動詞應改為過去式,在這情況下,「I/ he/ she/ it」後面的verb to be 可為was 或were。但其他情況則不可以,如He was a lawyer.的was不可被改成were。

4. A large number of fish in the pond have died.
死的是魚,因此魚是主角。因為魚是眾數形態(fish的單數和眾數形態相同),動詞亦應變成眾數形態。

5. The number of primary school students in Hong Kong has increased by 15%.
上升的是「number」,而不是「students」,因此動詞和「number」一樣是單數形態。

6. The poor always suffer during economic depressions.
前文說過,「poor」原本是形容詞,但有時可作名詞使用,代表「所有窮人」(all the poor people)。由於窮人不止一個,所以動詞是眾數形態。


延伸閱讀:
告別中式英語—不可不知的英語文法(to-infinitive/ gerund)
告別中式英語—不可不知的英語文法(Singular/ Plural)
'Suggest him doing' 還是 'Suggest him to do'?
'Suggest that he do' 還是 'Suggest that he does'? 
So和So that有什麼分別? 
告別中式英語—不可不知的英語文法(to-infinitive/ gerund)
告別中式英語—不可不知的英語文法(Quantifiers) 
告別中式英語—不可不知的英語文法(Agreement) 
告別中式英語—不可不知的英語文法(冠詞)
容易混淆的Tenses:Present Perfect VS Present Perfect Continuous
容易混淆的Tenses:Present Simple VS Present Continuous 
容易混淆的Tenses:Present Perfect VS Past Perfect


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